Reality TV Shows in the Arab World

Reality TV Shows in the Arab World Reality TV: the Reality that is Globalized Media Research Methods Arab satellite television stations have recognized themselves now as one of the major sources for information for the Arab world for they are demanding the domination of the American media. Television broadcasting in the Arab world goes back to the mid-1950s when on-governmental air operations were launched in Morocco, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. In almost all Arab countries, television services were subordinated to ministries of information or other government bodies, therefore revolving into executive mouthpieces of regime policies as well as into outlets of public civilizing look. By the end of the 1980s, the Arab world TV domination representation began to practice key cracks with the foundation of more independent television organizations in more than a few of Arab countries and the increase of profitable television service besides government spreading. One of the significant developments in the Arab television picture in the 1990s has been the disintegrated of a 40-year government domination representation of broadcasting in the Arab world. The model habitually derives from the idea of broadcasting as a device of public growth that is supposed to be positioned below the government control. In service within ministries of information, television organizations for the majority piece were funded completely from nationwide budgetary allocations and their recruits were viewed as element of state-owned establishment. Moreover, the entry of marketable broadcasters with gigantic technological and monetary possessions into the Arab world television prospect has been a central improvement. In September 1991, Arab audiences had their first experience of confidential satellite television when MBC went on the air from studio services in London with Western-styled indoctrination. More secretive broadcasters followed outfit: Orbit in 1994, ART in 1995, LBC and Future Television in 1995, and Al-Jazeera from Qatar in 1996. The Arab world Television stations had developed too much by the end of the 90s, for the huge and remarkable development era was during 2002 and 2003. The Arab nation since then had decreased the interest in watching news and documentaries, becoming addicted instead to the new trend known as Reality TV. Since 2003 and something new was occurring in the Arab world. Millions of families have closed themselves up in their homes, eyes glued to the TV monitor when the shows begin! The Reality TV had changed several characteristics of the TV broadcast image and content since it occurred, for it is an interesting phenomenon to be focused on to know more about it. Reality TV in the Arab world is built on certain basics which affects the traditions and cultures of the Arabian societies in different ways. 1. The History and The Rise of Reality TV In the past, television programs were built up to be for all family members, however nowadays most of the TV shows and mostly the Reality TV ones are built on the bases of an audience made up of females teenagers and housewives. Reality TV has a historical background that should be focused on in order to know how it arrived to the Arab world countries. Moreover, the rise of reality TV came at a point when networks were in search of a rapid secure way out to financial troubles within the cultural industries. Enlarged expenses in the fabrication of drama, sitcom and comedy ensured unscripted, accepted realistic programming became a feasible financial alternative throughout the 1900s (Hill, 2005). Reality TV has its ancestry in scandalous journalism and popular entertainment, but it owes its supreme money owing to documentary television, which has nearly vanished from television screens in the get up of popular realistic programming. Also, there are three major strands to the progress of popular realistic television, and these relate to three areas of different, and so far overlapping, areas of media fabrication: sensationalist journalism, documentary television, and well-liked entertainment (Biressi Nunn, 2005). The apprehension about reality TV as putting a finish period to documentary includes the claim that modern television or decision about the world that documentary is seen to have occupied, and therefore lacking hope for the setting up of meaning (Bignell, 2005). The quarrel for an apocalyptic finish of television history is reliant on comparing Reality TV to documentarys past but differentiates Reality TV from that past and makes it look like a split growth. Furthermore, Reality TV seems to drift liberated of the past, obtainable in a nonstop present, and therefore looks to its critics like a reckless television type. As an observation of the growth of a live on air television production in the 60s, its obvious that programmers started producing traditional dramatic works of Arab and world literature, but they also started looking at Western shows for either motivation or stealing. By the 80s, the main successes were Arabian versions of primarily European and American shows. In the 90s, it became ordinary for the perception of a Western show, its privileges and invention bible, to be bought and locally reproduced for local use. The rise of Reality TV in the Arab world was in 2003, the program Super Star rapidly became the majority important show of that period. It was broadcasted on Future TV, where by Super Star attempted a clear Pan-Arab explore for the next star singer, by means of casting calls, adjudicators, and live performances, and the audiences right to take part in the ballot. 2. The bases that are built on for the concept of Reality TV The principle of program scheduling is to arrange television performance time donating programs that will lift up ratings at meticulous periods of the day. In a broadcasting ethnicity with several channels, the plan enables channels to contend with each other for audiences by scheduling their programs considering what their competitors will be presenting. Reality TV programs are merely commercial and flourishing if they keep on giving reasons for their expenses and catch the attention of the audience over a comparatively extended run (Escoffery, 2006 ). The guarantee that a long-lasting series has on holding onto the viewers for a period of the programs run which offers the vision of a reliable viewers whose demographic demand and a mass may be eye-catching to advertisers and can lift up the broadcasting channels public profile. Schedulers offer recommendations to commissioning are prepared (Andrejevic, 2004). The last day of December 2003 witnessed the labor of the most successful Arab reality show formed in Lebanon: Star Academy. Following Endemol the production company format for the French version, Star Academys group recognized a grouping of talented Arabs and invited them to participate in the Academy, where they lived and skilled to become star singers. A graduation progression permitted the instructors at the academy to suggest two candidates and the public would vote for one of them to stay in the Academy. Joe Khalil, director and executive producer in several Arabian TV stations for more than 12 years, said in Nov. 23, 2009 that Star Academy extended the restrictions of reality television for the reason of its extraordinary fame and because it represented a complete realization of a promotion and marketing prospective. Possibly the shows major effect, nevertheless, remains its reliable audience faithfulness to both the prime episodes as well as the 24-hour enthusiastic channel. For most of the Reality Shows and especially Star Academy, the concept is based on celebrities and primes for which every Friday there is a celebrity that has to attend the prime and sing with the participants. For commercial purposes and for it to be more popular Rola Saad the executive producer of Star Academy intend to get international celebrities in the same prime collaborating with Arabian Celebrities. For Star Academy rules of participation is to accept living in the same place with people from the opposite sex, and to swim together in the same swimming pool, and to train sports and dancing together, and the most important is to accept to build up love relationships for some participants. For example, Star Academy chose last season Michel Azzi to be in love with Tania Nemer, the crew of Star Academy had discusses this case with Michel whereby he accepted in order to stay till the last prime, and this was what truly happened. 3. The Globalization and the Privacy publicized in the Reality TV Globalization of communication in the second half of the twentieth century was determined by the commercial benefit of United States corporations. Conservative local cultures are believed to be tattered by dependencies on media products, with their helping ideologies resulting from the United States, with the impact of globalizing customer way of life across regions and populations which turn out to be inhibited to get used to its logics and needs, regardless of the need in some of these regions of possessions to contribute with them (Bignell, 2005). What happens in the communication of globalization is a move from opinions for the homogeneity of media customs to opinions for the homogeneity of political financial system of the media, regardless of provincial and neighborhood differences in the intellectual forms which the media receive. The programmers formulate public the dramas of the individual and carry the ideologies of privacy exposed into new interaction with the negotiated meanings they gain from their meticulous local and provincial television contexts. The type of program develops new conceptions of the open and secret spheres and also draws on discourses of body and self those have already been in circulation in such spheres as popular magazine journalism, optional medicinal measures, and lifestyle-interview television programs (Bignell, 2005). The cultural nationality that these programs reply to displays a challenging cooperation between the plan of the perfectibility of the identity and the institutions, socio-economic constraints and networks of domestic and social dealings that limit it. Television programs have been worried with the capability of television to tolerate observation to the varieties of usual peoples lives, and its ability to become a medium for the community exposure of confessions and revelations that seem incapable to be shared with a persons close sphere (Biressi Nunn, 2005). Star Academy is a distinguished case of this style, in which young people are usually paraded on screen and where the issue of how far the contestants will go in their close relations with each other is a big element of their appeal for audiences. Noticeably, the transitional spread of this mixture of the private body and shared moral challenges and tests, is the medium for financial action inasmuch as the television formats occupied are traded supplies, and the appeal of audiences promotes profitable well being for television institutions in a diversity of ways. 4. Audience Perceptions of Reality TV Audiences most of the times consider Reality TV is there so that viewers can see for themselves, and get an unmediated imminent into some phase of life and manners. Audiences are pessimistic about the reality claims of Reality TV programs, set programs beside a range between reality and fiction, and provide the most admiration to what they distinguish as the most truthful programs. Moreover, the incidence at the present time of huge number of Reality TV programs in the schedules has not enlarged viewing hours, so audiences obviously do not rate Reality TV any more than the programs that they have replaced. If Reality TV had a particular position within the audiences, the viewing of Reality TV would be an addition to other viewing time and entire viewing hours might rise. Even though in the television business Reality TV is seen as the newest important tendency, the commissioning of such programs might have more to do with contest over audience contribution and the branding of channel s and audiences, then with an important move in lifestyle of television viewing (Hill, 2005). In addition, the focal point on younger viewers requires a clarification of the traditions in Television studies that have discussed youth audiences and appreciated their defiant attitudes to programs. The creations of television program bands, personalities and rumor have been essential for an extended era. The vulnerable outcome on recent ways of organizing television is that it would end to consist of must-see programs when crowd audience view the same live broadcast at the same time. Star Academy unpredictably became an essential part of many peoples discussions, and viewers contribution was not only with the program and the website but also with the remarks on the program with other viewers and in the media. Rumor was a significant enjoyment for viewers of Star Academy, and it became a convenient subject for discussion about people who viewers felt they knew. The production of viewer chat is expectant and mirrored by talk in Reality TV programs themselves. Television programs are conquered much more than cinema, for example, by people chatting and interacting in common situations, just as life for viewers at home is often centered on these actions. Star Academy consists largely of sequences of discussion among the participants, representing familiar contact and chat which could be then talked about the viewers. The common use of close-up shots of faces in Star Academy reinforces this wisdom of closeness between the viewer and what is publicized on television, an d contributes to an awareness of correspondence between the audiences regular world and the constructed worlds of the plan. This technique of using and experiencing television gives the fantasy of bodily intimacy, and invokes policies of communal contact which require awareness and generate social closeness. 5. Reality TV effect on the Arabian Societies Most of the participants aim in Reality Shows is to become famous, which had become a new phenomenon. Contestants have been constructed as exemplifying a fame culture in which ethos of famous to be famous has triumphed over the concepts of talent and hard work, and they are seen as diminishing victim to the controlling powers of a cruel fame-making mechanism (Escoffery, 2006). Reality TV shows in the Arab World are based on the aspect of emotional recognition among the observer and the protagonists. The Arab channels wont vacillate to split social and ethical borders in order to enlarge earnings. Its obvious to see how the participants symbolize an exceedingly tolerant social cultures and unusual for Arab society. They hug and kiss on live TV. Although most of the viewers agree on the undesirability of such actions, they cant split their eyes away from the screen. The Reality shows get such high ratings that one wonders about present priorities in the Arab world. Some people see it a s an Israeli-American conspiracy, created in order to distract the Arabs from important issues like Iraq and Palestine. Star Academy had made many changes in the concept of Arabian traditions and cultures in which viewers are being inspired by the participants activities. Several conservative families had to remove the LBC channel from their satellite not to let their children to keep on watching Star Academy because they started imitating the participants in the way they dress, communicate with the other sex, and have fun during the breaks time. Moreover, Big Brother Arabia was a 2004 Reality TV show based on the worldwide program Big Brother, in which contestants live in a unique house while competing to win in the end. The show was filmed in Bahrain, aired on MBC 2, and was planned to follow the success of Star Academy, but failed to do so, and instead the show was only aired for 11 days and then got major controversy in the countries it aired in. Big Brother Arabia producers decided to cancel the show, as there were many complaints from viewers. Joe Khalil, a member in the production crew of the program, said in Nov. 23, 2009 that the program had to be canceled because it brought new traditions to the gulf area which is none as a conservative area in the Arab World, because the audience didnt accept the fact that it featured six men and six women living together in one area, despite staying in separate parts of the house. Star Academy and Big Brother showed the women in the Arab World so close to the western Women in the way they dress, dance, and communicate with men. This is what not all of the viewers accept or welcome. Conclusion Reality TV, in the recent years, has become a very famous phenomenon that has influenced the life of viewers in the Arab world. Reality TV shows were based on some theories and techniques in the work process in which these shows were able to change certain thoughts and traditions in the Arab countries. The audience plays an important role in relation with their perception concerning the Reality TV shows. The audiences consider much reality programming to be entertaining rather than informative. These audiences draw on their own personal experience of social interaction to judge the authenticity of the way ordinary people and their behavior on TV. Reality shows works on collapsing the distance that separates those on either side of the screen by enlightening the hope that it really could be you up there on that screen. The democratized adaptation of the star-making machinery goes further than representing its ability to convert real people into celebrities apparently at will. The powe r that the airbrush once exerted over the image is transposed into the record of reality in the form of the power the blade exerts on soft tissue. Television is like religion, is basically a type of social power. Without both people would really begin to consider for themselves and the social communications would break down. Reality TV had been much popular to reach the Arab World, with certain basics built on it had affected the Arabian societies in different ways. Reality TV had arrived to the Arab World after passing by different stages and experiences. All in all, Reality TV had been a main reason for losing privacy in front of the public audience. Lastly, producing reality shows involves a variety of executive, artistic and technological aspects. Reality shows are mostly approved formats that programmers buy for a certain area, such the case of the Arab World. Reality Shows by nature have a huge number of influences, as well as an important profitable section. References: Andrejevic, M. (2004). Reality TV: The Work of Being Watched. (pp.1-23). United  States of America: Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Bignell, J. (2005). Big Brother: Reality TV in the Twenty-First Century. (pp. 34-47, 65-72, 150-160). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Biressi, A. Nunn, H. (2005). Reality TV: Realism and Revelation. (pp. 118-144). London New York: Wallflower Press. Escoffery, D. (2006). Essays on Representation and Truth: How Real is Reality TV? (pp. 7-26, 61-78, 115-133, 247- 259). North Carolina: McFarland Company, Inc., Publishers. Hill, A. (2005). Reality TV: Audiences and Popular Factual Television. (pp. 39,55, 78, 106). London New York: Routledge, Taylor Francis Group.

Anyone Elected from Public Office is Obliged to Live

The issue of the importance of integrity over technocratic knowledge has always been an issue for public officials. In many democratic and democratizing nations, debates have ensued as to whether officials ought to live morally exemplary lives. The reasons for challenging the Confucian maxim on the benevolence of the public official have been diverse, though it could be intuited that some sort of private interest is at stake. In this paper, it shall be argued that all public officials should undoubtedly live morally exemplary lives.Before anything else, it is very important that the term morally exemplary be defined. At least in this paper, morally exemplary shall be equated to the character or trait of being able to live up to public service morality. Public service morality refers to the set of values that a public official must hold in order to â€Å"effect the ends for which the government has been instituted† (de Leon 434). As such, public service morality includes but is not limited to a high degree of responsibility, integrity, loyalty, efficiency, patriotism, modesty, and justice (de Leon 434).To be able to argue that all public officials should live morally exemplary lives, it shall be argued that this claim is most reasonable in a democratic society. Afterwards, concrete examples of national experiences shall be provided to be able to show not only the reasonableness but also the historical validity of this claim. Specifically, the experiences of the United States and of the Philippines (a former U.S. colony) shall be used to concretize the claim. We shall begin with the reasonableness of the claim that public officials ought to live morally exemplary lives.In any democratic society, the morality of a public official is always an important element. A public office is defined as â€Å"the right, authority, and duty created and conferred by law by which, for a given period†¦an individual is invested with some portion of the sovereign functi ons of the government to be exercised by him/her for the benefit of the public† (de Leon 432). As such, precisely because of the grave power and function of public office on which depends the interests of the public, a public official ought to take his/her role as nothing less than sacred and that the â€Å"violation thereof would be nothing less than a sacrilege† (Philippine 1971 Constitutional Convention in de Leon 433).Common sense would tell us that the functions and the responsibilities of public official, being equated to the very sovereign powers of the government with the purpose of putting into effect the very â€Å"ends for which government has been instituted,† demand an impeccable character. Hence, it could safely be said that the success or failure of a democracy or the democratization process of a country partly depends on the morality (or lack of it) of the persons who hold positions of trust. As such, a public official should undoubtedly live a mo rally exemplary life.History provides us with a number of examples to show the moral exemplariness of the lives of public officials mattered in the lives of nations. Actually, that corruption and moral degeneration could in fact ruin an empire is a lesson we have learned from the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD. It is common knowledge that in the last few centuries of the empire, the old Roman virtues started to degenerate in the Roman army. Emperors also stopped thinking of the interests of the people and plainly thought of supporting the army and maintaining a luxurious court (Perry 120). This, plus some other factors, led to the citizens’ lost of confidence and loyalty in the empire (Perry 123) which made it more vulnerable to barbarian invasions, and eventually collapse in 476 AD. Nevertheless, this powerful lesson in history could easily be given less importance by modernists so we need to turn to contemporary examples.That a democratic nation could truly be threatene d by lack of public service morality in its officials is best demonstrated by the Watergate scandal. It should be recalled that the Watergate scandal involved a number of high ranking executive officials and President Richard Nixon himself. This scandal eventually led to the resignation of President Nixon, along with an undying infamy. It would be best to recount this scandal at this point.In 1972, a group of people broke in and wire tapped the Democratic Party’s campaign headquarters in the Watergate apartment in Washington, D.C. The burglary and wiretapping eventually convicted five men who were also connected to the president’s re-election committee (Perry 828). Further investigations by the Senate eventually led to the findings that top presidential aides â€Å"planned the burglary and concealed evidence about it† (Perry 828).These top ranking executive officers were U.S. Attorney General John Mitchell, White House Counsel John Dean, White House Chief of Sta ff H.R. Haldeman, and White House Special Assistant on Domestic Affairs Ehrlichman (Encarta â€Å"Watergate†). Eventually, more illegal activities were found by the Senate Committee. These plus the original burglary and wiretapping crushed on the president himself which led to his resignation in August 9, 1974.What could be learned from the Watergate scandal? It is simply the fact that the lack of moral exemplariness of public officials bothers the citizens of a truly democratic country. Moreover, it also threatens the democratic system that works on public trust. It is this very threat that the constitutional system of checks and balances protect a democratic nation against.If the United States provides a very good example of how a democratic nation reacts and defends itself against the lack of public service morality, the Philippines will be a good example of how a nation is continuously negatively affected by the persistent lack of moral exemplariness of its elected public officials.Up to the present, the Philippines, albeit its high literacy rate of 99% (Encarta, â€Å"Philippines†) and relatively good economic fundamentals, remains behind many of its Asian counterparts. The Philippines, a tropical country with many beautiful natural tourist spots and originally endowed with abundant natural resources has an alarming rate of poverty level. What could be wrong in a country with a very high literacy rate not to mention a very good level of English, good economic fundamentals, and naturally endowed with resources? The answer seems to be homogenous: government graft and corruption.According to Transparency International, the Philippines may be considered a country with a serious corruption problem. Working on a Corruption Perception Index of 1-10, with 10 being squeaky clean and 5 being the borderline distinguishing countries with serious corruption problem and those without, the Philippines scored a 2.5. This puts the Philippines at par with Ben in, Gambia, Honduras, Guyana, Nepal, Russia, Rwanda, and Swaziland (Infoplease â€Å"The 2006 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index†). There have in fact been a number of cases that showcase the grave problem with public service morality that the country has, a problem that viciously engenders and sustains corruption.The famous case of the Marcoses is a classic. President Ferdinand Marcos became the president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986, and left his post with bitter memories of the press being silenced, civil liberties being curtailed, dictatorship, torture and vanishing of thousands of political enemies, and a huge amount of behest loans (Wikipedia, â€Å"Ferdinand Marcos†) that resulted in the ballooning of the Philippine economy and in unresolvable debts and widespread poverty. Marcos fled the Philippines in 1986 to survive a revolution. He stayed in Hawaii until he died in 1989.Marcos remained largely unpunished. This is telling of how t he Philippines cuddles the very politicians that robs the nation. Just recently, President Joseph Estrada was tried of plunder, engaging in widespread illegal gambling, and gross corruption by the Philippine Senate. In this said event, more than half of the senator-judges voted not to open a controversial envelope that is supposed to contain strong evidence against the tried president.This resulted in another revolution that led the Philippine High Court to decide, en banc, that his vice-president, Ms. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, to take his place. Up to the present time, Philippine politics is very much mired in corrupt practices, concretizing the claim that Philippine politics grossly lacks political morality. This has time and again been responsible for the poverty that many Filipinos suffer.In a democratizing nation such as the Philippines and in a highly democratic country like the United States, it has been demonstrated, both by reason and example, that the living of a morally ex emplary life by public officials is a necessity. A democracy is rightfully threatened by the lack of a certain morality and a democratizing nation is viciously plagued by it, hampering democratization to truly happen.There are some instances that might prove contrary to this claim, such as the existence of chaebols, i.e., big business conglomerates in South Korea that has some exerted political influence over public officials. This speaks of an undercurrent of corruption. Neverhtless, South Korea, a highly progressing Asian nation, has continuously progressed economically in spite of or with chaebols. But then again, it can be argued that South Korea improved not because of corruption but precisely because of the political will to punish erring public officials. A number of Korean presidents have already been tried of corruption. As such, the claim that in a democratic nation, the living of a morally exemplary life by all publicly elected officials is necessary remains valid.Works C ited:â€Å"Ferdinand Marcos† Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 17 July 2007. 20 July 2007. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos.â€Å"The 2006 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index† 21 July 2007. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0781359.html.â€Å"Watergate† Encarta. CD-ROM. Seattle: Microsoft: 2002.De Leon, Hector. Textbook on the New Philippine Constitution. Manila: Rex Books, 1987.Perry, Marvin. A History of the World, Revised Edition. Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin, 1989.

What You Dont Know About Topic Essay Examples

What You Don't Know About Topic Essay Examples What About Topic Essay Examples? At precisely the same time, detecting cause and effect relationships isn't that easy in regards to the selection of a superior cause and effect essay topic. The very first thing you need to realize searching for an ideal topic is that your opinion is the thing that matters the most. If it's possible to write a really convincing piece on a real-world application utilizing unique facts and research, then your likelihood of receiving admission to a top level university will surely grow! If you still have issues with topic selection, don't hesitate to request help at GradeMiners. What Topic Essay Examples Is - and What it Is Not Try out another topic and do the exact same 5-minute writing test till you locate a topic you know you can readily write on. The choice of the topic should depend on your interest because it's essential that you maintain your interest throughout the technology essays writing. Still, you need to make your topic more specific. The very first step, nevertheless, is to understand what your topic is. Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't difficult to discover. The primary goal of topic choice for a proposal essay is to show the idea can be put into place in practice. Remember your final grade significantly is contingent on the topic. When you're writing about yourself, be sure to include words that explain the emotions you're feeling at various areas of the story. There's always time to return and fix sentences as a way to bring a mature, astute voice to your essay. While every section of an essay is essential, it is necessary to note that it's in the introduction where readers get to choose whether they ought to be reading the remainder of your composition or not. So without further ado, here are a few effective writing tips to produce your common app essay stick out! To begin with, the standard of the essay becomes enhanced with that. There are lots of essay types, and at times the topic itself is as critical as the kind of t he essay you're assigned. There are an infinite number of methods to start an essay effectively. It will be more feasible in case you would allow it to be an argumentative sort of essay. Informative essays are somewhat more descriptive. It isn't always easy to choose a very good topic and story for this kind of essay. The Importance of a Strong Topic To compose a very good expository essay, you should select a strong topic. Researching the topic permits you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you really like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. Hearsay, Lies and Topic Essay Examples There are many things you'd better bear in mind. Pay close attention to all things electronic, and you will be certain to find something debatable of what you see. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a good deal about it. Someone gets essential wisdom and experience there. The Pain of Topic Essay Examples There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. One of the absolute most important things to keep in mind while you write your paper is that everything you say in it should be told to the theme. To cut back stress when writing a research paper, you ought to be certain to have chosen the most suitable topic. Figure out which of the topics, you presently have a fairly good background on which will make it possible for you to have a relative edge. Finding Topic Essay Examples on the Web Writing the college application essay is a difficult gig. Plenty of students put on a uniform. College application essay topics are a crucial portion of an entertaining and compelling bit of writing. For instance, you can pick a topic for elementary, middle, or higher school. But What About Topic Essay Examples? Sources should be placed in correct context. Therefore, you've got to discover enough substantial evidence for the specific topic. The expert strategy is using different paragraphs to emphasize the subject of the essay. If you haven't written any narration essays before, you ought to read works of different students to fully grasp how to develop a structure, the way to use your private narrative ideas, and what topics you may utilize. The option of compare and contrast essay topics isn't a simple task because you must demonstrate your analytical skills. You will need to back up your viewpoint with well-researched facts and data too. Even if you think in a specific argument very strongly, if you lack the evidence to show your point, then your argument might just be as great as lost. At length, towards the conclusion of your conclusion, you can reflect on the way in which the essay compares to something else such as modern occasions or the future. You always intuitively understand as soon as an intriguing essay idea is in fact the very best idea for you. Like the death penalty, the notion of marijuana lega lity was debated and discussed for many years.

Kate Chopin s An Hour, And Tillie Olsen s `` The Yellow...

This paper will not be able to cover the complexity of feminism as a whole since it has become a very broad subject. In addition, feminism has also been a heavily debated issue that has been around for numerous years. The argument of feminism is that women are, and always have been throughout history, treated differently than men by society. Therefore, women are being stripped down of opportunities to their benefit economically, socially, politically, culturally, and several more ways. This essay will highlight and analyze the cultural aspects of feminism from the texts of Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, Donald Hall’s â€Å"Feminist Analysis† from Literary and Cultural Theory, Charlotte Gilman’s short story †The Yellow Wallpaper†, Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, and Tillie Olsen’s short story â€Å"Tell Me A Riddle.† Cultural feminism, the ideology of the roles and stereotypical characterist ics of women. Therefore, women are unable to express themselves due to being oppressed by patriarchal society. Thus, preserving and nurturing â€Å"female culture† will benefit society. As a final point, this paper will point out and identify women being isolated from their culture and personal values. In Donald Hall’s â€Å"Feminist Analysis† of Literary and Cultural theory, Hall defines and explores the different variations of feminism. In the text, it states, â€Å"Feminists speak of women being relegated to the status of objects, pointing out that they have traditionally been valued forShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s An Hour, And Tillie Olsen s `` The Yellow Wallpaper ``1396 Words   |  6 Pagesfeminism, Donald Hall’s definition of cultural feminism, from his â€Å"Feminist Analysis† of Literary and Cultural Theory, will be used to explore the cultural aspects of the texts from Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, Charlotte Gilman’ s short story †The Yellow Wallpaper,† Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, and Tillie Olsen’s short story â€Å"Tell Me A Riddle.† The ideology of feminism is that women are unable to express themselves due to being oppressed by patriarchal society, women are to beRead MoreKate Chopin s An Hour, And Tillie Olsen s `` The Yellow Wallpaper ``1483 Words   |  6 Pagessocially, politically, culturally, and several more ways. This essay will highlight and analyze the cultural aspects of feminism from the texts of Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, Donald Hall’s â€Å"Feminist Analysis† from Literary and Cultural Theory, Charlotte Gilman’s short story †The Yellow Wallpaper†, Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, and Tillie Olsen’s short story â€Å"Tell Me A Riddle.† Cultural feminism, the ideology of the roles and stereotypical characteristics o f women. Therefore, women Kate Chopin s An Hour, And Tillie Olsen s `` The Yellow... Women’s Liberation The subject of feminism has evolved into various complex theories. In addition, feminism has also been a heavily debated issue that has been around for numerous years. The argument of feminism is that women are, and always have been throughout history, treated differently than men by society. Therefore, women are being stripped down of opportunities to their benefit economically, socially, politically, and culturally. Since there are multiple theories on feminism, Donald Hall’s definition of cultural feminism, from his â€Å"Feminist Analysis† of Literary and Cultural Theory, will be used to explore the cultural aspects of the texts from Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, Charlotte Gilman’s short story †The Yellow Wallpaper,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦There are multiple examples of where this is evident in the stories. It also states, â€Å" evidence of one woman’s determination to meet her own economic, psychological, and eventuall y emotional needs in ways that challenge certain norms† (Hall 203). There have been brave women that challenged the norms of patriarchal society. These women realized that this oppressive society treated them unfairly, and they could not take it anymore. The novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin, it portrays a woman in the process of discovering herself and becoming self-aware. Through time, this woman realizes that she has lived senselessly, under the illusion that life her life is great. So she must â€Å"wake up† of course, and become conscious of how unfair society is treating her. During an argument, her husband thinks, â€Å" It sometimes entered Mr. Pontellier’s mind to wonder if his wife were not growing a little unbalanced mentally. He could see plainly that she was not herself.† (Chopin 62). The integrity of her mind has been fine, the husband is just misunderstanding the transformation of his wife become a new person that is self-conscious and reb ellious. This is an issue because he does not understand his wife’s needs and wants. His wife just ignores his commands and continues to do as she pleases. Society and her husband makes the assumption that, â€Å"If it was not a mother’s place

Dog Whistle Politics By Ian Haney Lopez - 1006 Words

Ian Haney Lopez is a professor of Law at the University of California at Berkeley. He was raised in Hawaii as a biracial kid coming from an albeit white and Salvadorian heritage. Due to Lopez background, he has evolved into a critical race theorist. In the novel Dog Whistle Politics, Lopez details his initial reaction to his Harvard Law professor Bell’s theory. According to Derrick Bell, â€Å"black people will never gain full equality in this country. Even those herculean efforts we hail as successful will produce no more than temporary ‘peaks of progress’, short-lived victories that slide into irrelevance as racial patterns adapt in ways that maintain white dominance† (Lopez, x). Lopez describes the time when he stormed out of professor Bell’s class as a student because he was disturbed by Bell’s insistence on the permanence of racism in American society. However, despite the fact that Lopez is a liberal, he soon realizes that â€Å"profess ors Bell was correct: racism is not disappearing, it’s adapting† (Lopez, xii). Lopez is then honored to have been selected to give the lecture of the man whose ideas he had originally found so fraught. Lopez throughout the novel is set to prove that since the early 1960’s up to the present conservative politicians in the Republican party and the Southern wing of the Democratic party have used racial code words and images to invoke race-based fear and tension in White voters to gather votes. Dog Whistle Politics analysis chronologically into detailShow MoreRelatedDog Whistle Politics Of The 1960s2333 Words   |  10 PagesJacob Garbison Professor Sean Trundle History 355 4 December 2014 Dog Whistle Politics of the 1960s On July 2, after signing the 1964 Civil Rights Act, President Lyndon B. Johnson reportedly said to his staff, â€Å"I think we just gave the South to the Republicans for your lifetime and mine.† (Perlstein 365) He was wrong. Although he never lived to see it, Jimmy Carter won a Democratic South in 1976 - but it was for the last time. Nonetheless, the party which had dominated the South for almost a centuryRead MoreRace : Race And Race Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pagesand soda from a local grocery store† (Cacho 1). Additionally, Ian Haney Lopez explains how racism has evolved in his book called, â€Å"Dog Whistle.† Racist comments are not publically relayed but are instead disguised so that any racist intents could be reasonably denied (Lopez). For example, Lopez explains that when politics mention â€Å"Welfare Queen† or â€Å"Food Stamp President† they are referring minorities specifically in this case blacks. Lopez then goes on to state that, †Å"A Stereotype is a sort of culturalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesIndividual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and StressRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesEditorial Director: Sally Yagan Editor in Chief: Eric Svendsen Acquisitions Editor: Kim Norbuta Editorial Project Manager: Claudia Fernandes Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Marketing Assistant: Ian Gold Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Senior Production Project Manager: Kelly Warsak Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Ilene Kahn Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Interior Design: Suzanne Duda and Michael Fruhbeis

The Assassin Strikes Again Free Essays

Once there lived a man named Jack. Every day he woke up refreshed and renewed. Jack started the day by having a nice big stretch, and then he did 100 press-ups. We will write a custom essay sample on The Assassin Strikes Again or any similar topic only for you Order Now He took a cold shower and brushed his teeth with Sensodyne Jack dressed him self in casual clothes and left for work. Jack has a usual profession. He is hired by rich and powerful people to murder the innocent and honest. Jack became an assassin when he was a teenager. During his childhood he had been kind, generous and helpful boy. One day he was walking home with his friends. Jack’s friends suggested that they should go through the alley because it was a shortcut home. Jack agreed and so did the others. They walked through the dark, deep and frightening alley, then they saw a gang of bullies in the alley but they decided not to run. It was a bad decision. The biggest bully started straight away on Jack’s smallest friend Mark. Jack consumed with anger, picked up a iron bar and whacked it down violently on the bully’s head â€Å"Ahhhh† Jack yelled ferociously, the bullies terrified ran away as fast as they could Jack kept on hitting and hitting the bully until he could not move a muscle. His shocked friends knew he had killed him. They ran way in different directions. The police arrived. Jack ran as fast as he could, until he was out of breath, Even now he’s still running and running away from the Police. News travelled fast and within months rich and powerful people were begging Jack to kill their enemies. During a few years Jack was responsible for 15 deaths of innocent people. He was there offered one million pounds to murderer a man called Tom Matthews by his former friend Reece Jones. Tom and Reece had been best friends. Tom was a kind, generous and an intelligent man. Tom had a beautiful wife names Angela. They had just got married three months ago; Tom had joined Reece’s company shortly before. Every day he dressed in a black suit and went off early in the morning to work. He was on time every day and ready to go. Tom had a poor family back ground and was determined to make best of his chances. Reece had a wealthy back ground and was always wasting money on gambling. He was always late for work, Reece was very jealous of Tom. One day Tom got promoted to Assistant Manager, Reece was so furious he said â€Å"that’s it! I will have Tom murdered!† When he finished work, he rushed home to call an assassin and arranged a meeting outside an abandoned house. He gave Tom’s details and his picture to Jack. Reece paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100, 000 in advance the rest to follow when the job was done. Jack researched Tom’s lifestyle carefully and worked out when Tom would be alone. It was when he went through the junk yard as a shortcut to his home. Jack planned the murder methodically. He would use a rifle with a silencer to shoot him. On May 17th 2004 the plan took action. First he would pretend he was being attacked by a vicious gang He would run up to Tom and beg for his help and say â€Å"I am being attacked by a vicious gang who are trying to murder me.† Tom was driving on the way home from work, feeling tired and sleepy when he was driving through the junk yard, a man rushed in front of his car, Tom stepped as hard as he could on the brake Tom stormed out of his car and asked mysterious man â€Å"Are you Ok† the strange man replied â€Å"no I am not I am being chased by a vicious gang who want to murder me†. The stranger wore a black leather coat and a woollen knitted scarf covering him from the misty fog and cold. The man told Tom he was delivering a package and was shocked when he saw a gang of teenagers brutally murdering an innocent man. Tom went a few steps ahead to see whether he could locate the gang. Jack took out his rifle from his right coat pocket and pointed it at when Tom looked at Jack with astonishment and a fear of death, Jack shot Tom with no hesitation or any mercy the bullet tore through the muscles as it went for the heart of Tom. Tom could see the blood was red As a red paint. Tom could see the blood on Jacks shoes as he fell on to the ground as he was falling he repeatedly asked â€Å"why†, â€Å"why† When he fell on to the ground there was silence. Jack made Tom’s murder seem like an accident he put Tom into the car and drove Tom off the cliff. The next day Jack received the full payment from Reece. As Jack was reading the news paper, he saw that Tom’s death made the front page. Seeing Tom’s wife’s picture made him realise that Tom’s wife was the girl he loved when he was in school. After thinking for several hours he came up with the decision that he should surrender to the police. The next day he stood in front of the police station thinking should I surrender to the police or not. How to cite The Assassin Strikes Again, Papers

Teens and Smoking Essay Example For Students

Teens and Smoking Essay Teens and SmokingAbstractCigarette smoking is of interest to the National Institute on Drug Abuse bothbecause of the public health problems associated with this form of substanceabuse and because this behavior represents a prototypic dependence process. Inthe past few years the government has made every effort to reach the masses, inan attempt to curb the exploitation of tobbacco use, and its acceptance amongAmericas Youngsters. However, cigarette smoking among adolescents is on therise. The premise that the behavior of adolescents is influenced by the behavior oftheir parents is central to many considerations of health and social behavior(Ausubel, Montemayor, Svajiian, 1977; Bandura Walters, 1963). Many youngpeople between 10-18 years of age experiment with smoking, smoking is apersonal choice, and usually exploratory in nature. Typically, it takes placein rather young people and is largely dependent on: first, the availability ofopportunity to engage in the behavior, second, having a fairly high degree ofcuriosity about the effects of the behavior; third, in finding it a way ofexpressing either conformity to the behavior or others (such as parents, oldersiblings or peers), forth, as in Miller and Dollars explanation ofObservational Learning, The Copying behavior effect. This research is to examine the effects of parental smoking (behavior), has, onthe decision of teens to smoke cigarettes. Due to prior studies using globalmeasures that may or may not include South Eastern North Carolina. TheFayetteville/Fort Bragg area was chosen for this study to pinpoint the effectsin this particular locale. Fort Bragg and Pope Air Force Base have a verydiverse socieo-economic and culturally diverse population, which will have apositive effect on randomness of sample selection. With this association inmind, this researcher is interested in knowing if there is a relationship ofParental influence on Teen Smoking within this Military Community. IntroductionThe prevalence of cigarette smoking among young teenagers is a growingproblem in the United States, many young people between the ages of 10-18 areexperimenting with tobacco. During the 1040s and 50s smoking was popular andsocially acceptable. Movie stars, sports heroes, and celebrities appeared incigarette advertisements that promoted and heavily influenced teens. Influencealso came from Television and other media sources. The desires to be acceptedand to feel grown up are among the most common reasons to start smoking. Yet,even though teenagers sometimes smoke to gain independence, and to be part ofthe crowd parental influence plays the strongest role as to whether or theirchildren will smoke, Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA), 1991. Children are exposed to and influenced by the parents, siblings, and the medialong before peer pressure will become a factor. Mothers should not smoke duringpregnancy, nicotine, which crosses the placental barrier, may affect the femalefetus during an important period of development so as to predispose the brainto the addictive influence of nicotine. Prenatal exposure to smoking haspreviously been linked with impairments in memory, learning, cognition, andperception in the growing child. (National Institute of Drug Abuse, 1995)Subsequent follow-up after 12 years suggest that regardless of the amount orduration of current or past maternal smoking, the strongest correlation betweenmaternal smoking and a daughters smoking occurred when the mother smokedduring pregnancy. NIDA also reported that of 192 mothers and their first bornadolescents with a mean age of 12 1/2, the analysis revealed that 26.6% of thegirls whose mother smoked while pregnant had smoked in the past year. The 1991 smoking prevalence estimate of 25.7% is virtually no different from theprevious years estimate of 25.5%. If current trends persist, we will not meetone of the nations health objectives, particularly a smoking prevalence of nomore than 15% by the year 2000. When comparing the use of alcohol, cigarettes,and other drugs, only cigarette use did not decline substantially among highschool senior among 1981 to 1991. In contrast studies performed by householdsurvey by the NIDA and the CDC, (Centers for Disease Control) in 1991 and 92respectively, suggested that the strongest influence on teenage smoking isparents. Research also revealed that approximately three fourths of adultregular smokers smoke their first cigarette before the age of 18. This data wasacquired while trying to determine the brand preferences of young smokers todetermine what encouraged them to smoke and to suggest smoking prevention orsmoking cessation strategies, the studies found that in over 80% of thehousehold s surveyed, one or both parents smoked. Many teenagers begin smokingto feel grow-up. However, if they are still smoking when they reach 30, thereason is no longer to feel like an adult; at this point, they are smoking fromhabit. Goodwin, D. W., Guze, S. B. (1984). Young children who see olderchildren or family members smoking cigarettes are going to equate smoking withbeing grown up. Patterns of both drinking and smoking, which are closelyassociated, are strongly influenced by the lifestyles of family members peersand by the environments in which they live. Minimal, moderate, and heavy levelsof drinking, smoking, and drug use, among family members are stronglyassociated with very similar patterns of use among adolescents. Bentler, P.,Newcoomb, M., (1989). Parents who smoke and wish they didnt shouldconcentrate on their own efforts to stop and hope that their offspring get themessage. .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72 , .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72 .postImageUrl , .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72 , .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72:hover , .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72:visited , .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72:active { border:0!important; } .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72:active , .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72 .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6aa52f821da2b2960daeb4e79d420e72:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Hawthrone Studiesdouglas | Mcgregor's Theory X and Theory Y | Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs EssayAnother good view of smoking among young people can be obtained from the federalgovernments Annual National Survey of drug use among seniors, and now otherhigh school students. Reports of cigarette use in the past years have declinedsince the peak of almost 40% in 1975. The 30% mark was crossed in 1981, with avery gradual further decline to 25.7% in 1991 and increased to 27.8% in 1992,Johnston, OMalley, (1993). According to cognitive social learning theory, boysand girls learn appropriate behavior through reinforcement and modeling. Todate, numerous studies have exami ned parental influence on teenage smoking andhas yielded equivocal results Due to the implications of cigarette smokingbehavior for the public health and the view that smoking is the prototypicaldependence process. Research taken from the TAPS (Teen-age Attitudes andpractices Survey) 1992, reported that if parents smoke, their children are morelikely to smoke. In regions of the United States that was surveyed, it wasdocumented that 9135 of 11609 (79%), of the respondents to the survey ofteenage smokers lived in households where one or both parents/guardians smokedtobacco. This information was taken from household samples of adolescents ages12-18 done by a computer Assisted Telephone interviewing system (CAT). Thegoal of this research is to focus upon the systematic compilation of datacollected in this survey/correlation study and serve as a basis for designingfeasible and effective treatment strategies as well as enhance ourunderstanding of dependence associated with cigarette smoki ng and substanceabuse. Method DesignQuestions will be of nominal and rating format (attached), Non respondents willnot be included in the study. The questions (10), will be on a 8 1/2x 11 sheetof paper. The questions will be divided into three categories, (health historyof parents present smoking habits, and general. The Dependent variable used inthis study is adolescent smoking behavior. SubjectsA total of 500 teens male and female 14-18 years old, randomly selected fromvarious areas around the Fort Bragg, Pope Air Force Base, and Fayetteville area. $2 will be given in exchange for participation. MaterialsQuestionnaires will be given to individuals upon their approval to participatein the study, a number two pencil will be used to write with. ProcedureParticipants will be chosen at random from either the Post Exchange and themovie theaters of the Fort Bragg area. Participation will be voluntary after anexplanation of the study. Since this research involve minors, eachparticipants will sign a release form. Each respondent will be allotted 15minutes to complete the questionnaire, and not to discuss the contents withother participants. However participants, will be told that they can discussthis issue with parents/guardians. A phone number of the researcher will begiven to each respondent in case of any afterthoughts. Non respondents will notbe included in the study. The questions (10), will be on a 8 1/2x 11 sheet ofpaper and consist of both, true/false, and nominal data, yes/no. The questionswill be divided into three categories, (health history of parents presentsmoking habits, and general. chi-square and t-distribution statistics will beused to identify significant differences between sub samples. ReferencesBauman, K. E., Foshee, V. A., Linzer, M. A., Koch, G. G. (1990). Effect of parental smoking classification on the association between parentaland adolescent smoking. Addictive-behaviors, 15,(5), 413-422. Horevitz, M. J., (1985). Disasters and psychological responses tostress. Psychiatric Annals, 15, 161-167. Hu, F. B. Flak, B. R., Hedeker, D. (1995). The inlfuence of friendsand parental smoking on adolescent smoking behavior. Journal of Applied SocialPsychology, v4 (3), 215-225. Jessor, R. (1993). Successful adolescent development among high-risksettings, American Psychologist, 48, 117-126. .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58 , .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58 .postImageUrl , .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58 , .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58:hover , .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58:visited , .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58:active { border:0!important; } .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58:active , .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58 .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u72287f7ba1a3c89209e9287f2421bb58:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Martin Luther King Jr?s Most Effectual Appeal in t EssayJohnston, L., OMalley, P., Bachman, J. (1988). Drug use amongAmerican high school students, College students and other young adults. National trends through 1991. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Research Monograph Series, (1979). Cigarette Smoking as a dependenceProcess. National Institute on Drug Abuse. 23Science